Glottal
1h
/ɦ/
halíẓo "yellow"
ہ
standard
Velar consonants
41 newk
/k/
kaál "year"
ک
standard
kʰ
/kʰ/
kʰáay "will eat"
کھ
shina
g
/ɡ/
goóṭ "house"
گ
standard
ŋ
/ŋ/
śiŋóor "ginger"
shina
Alveolo-palatal consonants
54 newć
/ȶ͡ɕ/
ćáar "four"
چ
shina
ćʰ
/ȶ͡ɕʰ/
ćʰúmo "fish"
چھ
shina
ȷ́
/ȡ͡ʑ/
ȷ́áro "old man"
ج
shina
ś
/ɕ/
śat "power"
ش
shina
y
/j/
yúun "moon"
ی
standard
Back apico-coronal (retroflex)
99 newc̣
/ʈ͡ʂ/
c̣aloó "lamp"
shina
c̣ʰ
/ʈ͡ʂʰ/
c̣ʰur "knife"
shina
ẓ
/ʐ/
ẓáa "brother"
shina
ṣ
/ʂ/
ṣíiṇ "Shin"
shina
ṭ
/ʈ/
ṭíimo "stick"
ٹ
shina
ṭʰ
/ʈʰ/
ṭʰam "sweep"
ٹھ
shina
ḍ
/ɖ/
ḍóori "ladle"
ڈ
shina
ṇ
/ɳ/
ṣiṇaá "Shina"
ݨ
shina
ṛ
/ɽ/
báṛo "big"
ڑ
shina
Front apico-coronal
1r
/ɾ/
raȷ́óṭi "rope"
ر
standard
Front lamino-coronal
92 newc
/t͡s/
ceéri "wood-chip"
shina
cʰ
/t͡sʰ/
cʰíir "row"
shina
z
/z/
zéel "way"
ز
standard
s
/s/
sat "seven"
س
standard
t
/t/
teél "oil"
ت
standard
tʰ
/tʰ/
tʰey "will do"
تھ
shina
d
/d/
don "tooth"
د
standard
n
/n/
nuúṣ "son's wife"
ن
standard
l
/l/
léel "blood"
ل
standard
Labial consonants
52 newp
/p/
pon "path"
پ
standard
pʰ
/pʰ/
pʰaáɡ "fig tree"
پھ
shina
b
/b/
biẓoón "rainbow"
ب
standard
m
/m/
mac̣ʰíi "honey"
م
standard
w
/ʋ/
wey "water"
و
standard
Vowels
1510 newShina has short vowels, and long vowels in two tones. The accent mark on a long vowel shows which tone it is — on the first letter for falling, on the second for rising. Example: báaṣ (language, falling) vs baáṣ (lung, rising).
Short
a e o i u
No tone — just the vowel sound.
Long — falling tone ↘
áa ée óo íi úu
Accent on the first vowel. Voice drops.
Long — rising tone ↗
aá eé oó ií uú
Accent on the second vowel. Voice rises.